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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .
Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.
Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .
The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
1.[A] why [B] when [C] that [D] where
2.[A] improves [B] fades [C] collapses [D] recovers
3.[A] While [B] Unless [C] Once [D] If
4.[A] uneven [B] limited [C] damaging [D] obscure
5.[A] relationship [B] environment [C] wellbeing [D] outlook
6.[A] turns [B] finds [C] points [D] figures
7.[A] responses [B] roundabouts [C] workouts [D] associations
8.[A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances[D] functions
9.[A] channel [B] process [C] sequence [D] condition
10.[A] excel [B] feature [C] persist [D] believe
11.[A] However [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] Therefore
12.[A] instead of [B] regardless of [C] apart from [D] according to
13.[A] back [B] further [C] aside [D] around
14.[A] framework [B] stability [C] sharpness [D] flexibility
15.[A] hurries [B] reminds [C] forces [D] allows
16.[A] order [B] track [C] hold [D] pace
17.[A] to [B] on [C] for [D] with
18.[A] constantly [B] habitually [C] irregularly [D] unusually
19.[A] carry [B] put [C] build [D] take
20.[A] risky [B] familiar [C] idle [D] effective
答案:1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB
1. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和連詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文意思,首先可以排除[B][C][D]。這句話中 where 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句,主要是說(shuō)記不清把鑰匙放在哪里了。
2. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] As the brain 2 we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments這句話的意思是“由于大腦 2 我們稱這些現(xiàn)象為“瞬間性老年癡呆”,由此可以排除[A] 和 [C]。[D]collapse意為:使倒塌,使崩潰,不符合題意。fades考察熟詞僻意,通常意思為褪色,逝去。還有衰老的意思,這里就考察是衰老的意思。從前文可以看出,文章講的是隨著年齡增長(zhǎng),大腦衰老。所以選[B]
3. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 邏輯銜接題
[選項(xiàng)分析] [A] if 表示假設(shè)“如果”。[B] Unless “除非,如果不”。[C]Once “一旦”。[D]While,“雖然,然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折。這句話的意思是雖然表面上看起來(lái)沒(méi)什么,但是危害很大,前后位轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以選D。
4. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為形容詞,[A] 表示“不均勻”, [B] 表示“有限的”, [C] 表示“有破壞性的,損壞的”, [D] 表示“模糊的,晦澀的”。這句話意思是這種精神能量的缺失會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)……的影響。根據(jù)上下文的意思,可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。而“有限的影響”顯然不足以表達(dá)危害的嚴(yán)重性,故可以排除[B] 選項(xiàng)。[C] “帶來(lái)有害的影響”最符合作者意圖。
5. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和名詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本句話含義是這種精神能量的缺失會(huì)給我們的職業(yè)、社交還有個(gè)人……帶來(lái)有害的影響。[A] wellbeing “幸?!?。[B]environment “環(huán)境”。[C] relationship “關(guān)系”。[D] outlook “展望”。and連接若干名詞,這些名詞應(yīng)該為同一類,職業(yè)、社交都是和個(gè)人相關(guān),排除[B] 和[D],[C] personal relationship就是social的意思,不能重復(fù),選擇[A],個(gè)人幸福。
6. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析] [A] it turns out that “原來(lái),其實(shí)” 。[B]it finds out that“本文發(fā)現(xiàn)”。[C] it points out that“指出”。[D] it figures out that“本文發(fā)現(xiàn)”。It代表神經(jīng)科學(xué),這句話的意思是越來(lái)越多的精神學(xué)家們都表示,大腦其實(shí)跟肌肉一樣需要練習(xí)運(yùn)動(dòng)。這里給出的是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論,因此選擇it turns out that
7. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和名詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A] roundabouts迂回路線。[B]responses回應(yīng)。[C]workouts鍛煉,練習(xí)。[D]associations協(xié)會(huì)。[C]workouts鍛煉,練習(xí)與前文出現(xiàn)的exercise都有“鍛煉,練習(xí)”的意思,近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),所以選[C]
8. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和名詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A]genre類型,種類。[B]functions功能。[C]circumstances情況,環(huán)境。[D]criterion批評(píng)判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則。這句話的意思是正確的智力運(yùn)動(dòng)能極大地提高我們最基本的認(rèn)知功能,根據(jù)語(yǔ)義,選擇[B]functions功能。
9. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和名詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A] channel通道,頻道。[B]condition條件。[C]sequence順序,序列。[D]process過(guò)程,步驟。根據(jù)常識(shí),思考是一個(gè)過(guò)程,并且通過(guò)腦神經(jīng)相互接觸來(lái)完成,其他選項(xiàng)表示渠道、序列、條件,均不符合常識(shí)。因此正確答案是表示過(guò)程的[D]選項(xiàng)。這句話的意思是思考是大腦神經(jīng)連接必要的過(guò)程。
10. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)詞。[A] persist堅(jiān)持。[B] believe相信。[C] excel超過(guò)。[D] feature特色。本句句意,在某種程度來(lái)講,我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行神經(jīng)連接(直接影響人的聰明程度)方面的特殊能力是與生俱來(lái)的。excel 有超過(guò)擅長(zhǎng)的意思,表示在某個(gè)方面出眾,放在此處符合題意,因此正確答案為[B]。
11. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 邏輯銜接題
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題需要的是一個(gè)副詞,而且位于句首,因此考察的是句關(guān)系。通過(guò)前后句意義來(lái)定答案,前一句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是智力是與生俱來(lái)的(inherited),而后一句則認(rèn)為是可以通過(guò)腦力活動(dòng)(mental effort)會(huì)有所波動(dòng),兩句意義明顯相反,故正確答案為[D] However。
12. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和短語(yǔ)辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題并不難,可以理解為:智力可以……腦力活動(dòng)得到提升或出現(xiàn)波動(dòng)。 [B]regardless of “不管,不顧”不合邏輯。[C]apart from“除……之外”也不合適。[D]instead of “代替”明顯不符。故[A]為正確答案。
13. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題考察的是固定搭配:take a step ……,能搭配只有A和C,分別指“采取進(jìn)一步措施”和“讓到一邊去”,無(wú)論從邏輯上還是從句意上都是A符合。
14. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題考察的是動(dòng)賓搭配:improve and regain sb’s mental ……,再根據(jù)前文一直在講如何提高“智力”,因此可以排除A(模式)和B(穩(wěn)定性),C(靈活性)和D(鋒利性,尖銳性)容易混淆,C有一定的干擾性,但雙比之下,D更契合前文,故選D。
15. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程可以_____系統(tǒng)地改善你的記憶力和注意力。而且此處需要填入的動(dòng)詞需要與to進(jìn)行搭配。根據(jù)搭配關(guān)系直接排除A,B。本文的主題介紹的是使人聰明的腦力鍛煉法,感情色彩是中性的,此處的D選項(xiàng)force排除,所以最恰當(dāng)?shù)氖荄。
16. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析] 空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)這個(gè)培訓(xùn)課程還可以_____學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度,并且給予詳盡的信息反饋。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,空格缺少的詞匯意義為跟蹤學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),直接排除A hold, C order; 辨析B,D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),與D選項(xiàng)的pace搭配的介詞應(yīng)該為with,即,keep pace with,所以排除,B選項(xiàng)為正確答案,keep track of 意思為跟蹤。
17. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和介詞
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題考查介詞,根據(jù)空格前后語(yǔ)境,空格所缺少的介詞意義為關(guān)于你的表現(xiàn)作出詳細(xì)的反饋,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D有關(guān)于的意思。
18. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)更加重要的是,它會(huì)_____調(diào)整并升級(jí)有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游戲。通過(guò)前后句的語(yǔ)境,所用詞匯均為褒義詞,所以,從感情色彩方面可以排除A,B習(xí)慣性的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為人,直接排除。B經(jīng)常的,D異乎尋常的代入,發(fā)現(xiàn)C比較符合題意。
19. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)它會(huì)經(jīng)常調(diào)整并升級(jí)有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游戲,以促進(jìn)腦力的不斷____。本題所缺少的動(dòng)詞需要與介詞on 搭配,A put on 穿上,增加;B carry on 執(zhí)行;C build on 在……基礎(chǔ)上增加,構(gòu)建;D take on 呈現(xiàn);代入空格發(fā)現(xiàn)只有C適合,A,B,D都不與空格后面的development 相搭配。
20. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析] 本題涉及的是一個(gè)含不定式作后定的句子,所缺詞匯為形容詞修飾exercise routine,根據(jù)前后情感一致的邏輯,通過(guò)后面的不定式中的關(guān)鍵詞increase寺和vary your muscle use等信息反推所需詞匯為正向詞匯,直接排除A和B,D是中性,只有C(有效的)符合邏輯,故為正確答案。
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