?成人學士學位英語考試真題及答案詳解（文字版）

第1卷(選擇題，共70分)

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自已的姓名和準考證號用黑色簽字筆填寫在試卷和答題卡指定位置。

2.每小題選出答案后，用28鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。答在試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束時，考生將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

Part I Vocabulary and Structure(20 points)

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D.Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. (　　)means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

A. Creativity

B. Duality

C. Arbitrariness

D. Displacement

2. (　　)distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as langue and parole.

A. Chomsky

B. Saussure

C. Gilman

D. Brown

3. (　　)is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.

A. Psycholinguistics

B. Sociolinguistics

C.Anthropological linguistics

D.Computational linguistics

4.The words such as "smog" and "brunch" are called (　　).

A. abbreviation

B. acronym

C. back-formation

D. blending

5.For example, the word" bead" originally means "prayer", but later it refers to "the prayer bead", and finally "small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood" .It is called (　　).

A.meaning shift

B.broadening

C.narrowing

D.borrowing

6. (　　)there is fresh air, there is oxygen.

A. Wherever

B.Whenever

C. Unless

D.Whether

7.The factory operated (　　)until the order was filled.

A.at times

B.to the minute

C.day by day

D.around the clock

8.After working for the firm for ten years, he finally (　　)the rank of deputy director.

A. achieved

B. approached

C. attained

D. acquired

9.If we (　　)our test tomorrow, I would have gone to the concert.

A.weren't to have

B.hadn't been to have

C.aren't to have

D.hadn't had

10.Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?

A.We are quite certain that we will get there in time.

B.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.

C.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.

D.It's sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.

11. (　　)you said is true, there are still other factors to be considered.

A.Supposed that what

B.Supposing what that

C.Granted that what

D.Considered what that

12.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause (　　)of vegetables in the coming days.

A. rarity

B. scarcity

C. invalidity

D. variety

13.To the scientists' delight, their efforts have increased people's (　　)of the importance of saving water.

A. awareness

B. commitment

C. agreement

D. response

14.The word "chronology" contains (　　)morphemes.

A.4

B.3

C.2

D.5

15.Judging from her speeches and behaviors Marry has a strict (　　).

A. growth

B. upbringing

C. development

D. cultivation

16. (　　)your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.

A.If it were not for

B.Had it not been for

C.Were it not for

D.If it has not been for

17. It was with great joy (　　)he knew that his GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business.

A.when

B.with

C.what

D.that

18.You can sleep on the couch in the lounge, (　　)you can go to a hotel nearby.

A. and

B. then

C. or

D. but

19.I'd rather you (　　)make any comment on the issue for the time being.

A. don't

B. wouldn't

C. didn't

D. shouldn't

20.The river is (　　)that one.

A.as three times long as

B.the third time as

C.three times the length of

D.three times longer as

答案：Part I

1.B【解析】Duality(二重性)指語言擁有兩層結(jié)構(gòu)的這種特性，底層結(jié)構(gòu)是上層結(jié)構(gòu)的組成成分.且每層都有自身的組合規(guī)則。A為創(chuàng)造性，C為任意性，D為移位性。

2.B【解析】Saussure(索緒爾)將說話者的語言能力和語言的實際現(xiàn)象或語料區(qū)分為語言和言語。chomsky主要研究生成語言學，而Gilman和Brown都是社會語言學家。

3.B【解析】Sociolinguistics(社會語言學)包括語言的社會功能和語言使用者的社會特征，它研究語言變體的特征、它們的功能特征、講話者的特征以及這三者如何在言語團體中持續(xù)地相互作用和變化。A為心理語言學，C為人類語言學，D為計算機語言學。

4.D【解析】smog是由smoke的前半部分和fog的后半部分混合在一起構(gòu)成的，brunch是由breakfast和lunch混合在一起構(gòu)成的，這種構(gòu)詞法叫blending(混拼詞)。abbreviation指縮寫詞，acronym指首字母縮寫詞，back—formation指逆構(gòu)詞.都不符合題意。

5.A【解析】bead從最初的含義“祈禱”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤澳钪椤?，到后來的“水珠、鋼珠”，詞義已不同于最初的含義，屬于meaning shift(詞義轉(zhuǎn)移)。而B指詞義擴大，C指詞義縮小，D指借詞，都不符合題意。

6.A【解析】本題考查復合句中的地點狀語從句。本句的意思是：凡是有空氣的地方，就有氧氣。這里wherever表示無論哪里的意思，其他選項都不符合邏輯。

7.D【解析】本句的意思是：工廠晝夜不停地工作，直到把訂的貨物趕出來為止。at times“有時”;to the minute“恰好，一分不差”：day by day“一天天”;around the clock“晝夜不停地”。

8.C【解析】本句的意思是：在這個公司工作了十年之后，他終于獲得了部門主管的職位。achieve“成就”;approach“接近”;attain“(通常指經(jīng)過努力)獲得，達到”;acquire“學到，取到”。故選C。

9.A【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。本句的意思是：如果我們明天沒有考試的話，我們就去參加音樂會了。此處If引導的從句中是對將來的事實相反.固定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)框架是if加上were to do形式，因此只有A項為正確答案。

10.D【解析】此題考查的是主語從句，A項是一個表語從句，是一個主系表的結(jié)構(gòu);B項是一個同位語從句，that引導的同位語從句補充說明先行詞的內(nèi)容;C項是一個賓語從句，that引導的賓語從句作謂語動詞said的賓語;只有D項是一個主語從句.it是一個形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句部分。

11.C【解析】本句的意思是：假設(shè)你說的是真的，還有其他的因素需要考慮。這里9rantedthat是一個固定搭配，表示“假定，即使”，what需要作said的賓語。B和D兩項不符合語法，先排除，A項應(yīng)該是supposing，所以也不正確。

12.B【解析】本題考查名詞辨析。scarcity“缺乏，不足”;rarity“奇事，珍品，奇物，稀少”(強調(diào)稀有，罕見);invalidity“無效”：variety“變化，多樣性”。

13.A【解析】本句的意思是：讓科學家高興的是，他們的努力增加了人們的節(jié)約用水的(　　)。awareness“意識”;commitment“承諾”;agreement“合同，同意”;response“回應(yīng)”。根據(jù)題意，只有A項符合邏輯。因此正確答案為A。

14.C【解析】Chronology可以拆分成兩個黏著詞素，為chron.和-ology，因此答案為C。

15.B【解析】本句的意思是：從她的言行舉止來看，她有一個嚴格的(　　)。growth“成長，生長”;upbringing“家教，教養(yǎng)”;development“發(fā)展”;cultivate“培養(yǎng)”。根據(jù)語義，正確答案應(yīng)為B。行為舉止反應(yīng)一個人的教養(yǎng)。

16.B【解析】本題是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，如果省略if，句子要倒裝，倒裝時要將助動詞提前，因此正確答案為B。

17.D【解析】本題是一個強調(diào)句型——“it was…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此正確答案為D。

18.C【解析】根據(jù)句意，你可以睡在大廳的沙發(fā)上，你也可以去附近的旅館。能夠表達這種選擇關(guān)系的連詞只能是or。因此正確答案為C。

19.C【解析】本句的意思是：我希望你暫時不要對這個問題做任何評論。在would/had rather引導的賓語從句中，從句要用過去時表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用過去完成時表示對過去情況的虛擬。本題中表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，故用過去時。

20.C【解析】本句的意思是：這條河是那條河的三倍長。常見的倍數(shù)表達法有：倍數(shù)+比較級+than;倍數(shù)+the size/weight/height/length+of;倍數(shù)+as lon9/old/high/heavy…+as等。C項表達正確。

Part 11 Reading Comprehension(40 points)

Directions: in this part There are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B ,C and D.Choose the one you think is the best answer.then mark the corresponding letter in the Answer Sheet One with a single line through the center.

Passage One

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming( 把…按能力分班)pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality.We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs;sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate.We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently.An advanced pupil can do advanced work;it does not matter what age the child is.We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

21.In the passage the writer's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is (　　).

A. critical

B. questioning

C. approving

D. objective

22.By "held back" the writer means"(　　)".

A.made to remain in the same classes

B.forced to study in the lower classes

C.drawn to their studies

D.prevented from advancing

23. The writer argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's (　　).

A.personal qualities and social skills

B.total personality

C.learning ability and communicative skills

D.intellectual ability

24.Which of the following is not mentioned in the third paragraph?

A.Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.

B.Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.

C.Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.

D.Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

25.The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to (　　).

A.argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

B.recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities

C.offer advice on the proper use of the library

D.emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching

Passage Two

There was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to me.I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven years old, just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage (孤兒院) turned me into an old man.

I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in my dormitory.

After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphanage.

I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after another, and then took thegn from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.

How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty.I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.

When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardboard paper down on the back cement(水泥) step and went inside to answer the phone.I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out.It started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other straight pin.Finally its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just trembled.

I picked up the torn wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back.But it would not stay on him.

26.The author set the living butterfly free because (　　).

A.he liked it very much

B.he had sympathy for the beautiful butterfly

C.he couldn't bear a butterfly dying in his favorite bushes

D.its wing broke off

27.According to the passage, the author's life in the orphanage was (　　).

A.dull and full of strict rules

B.simple and easy

C.happy and full of hope

D.hard and busy

28. What is the author's attitude towards the house parent's pinning some butterflies on the cardboard?

A. tolerant

B. unconcerned

C. disgusted

D. discouraged

29.We know from the passage that (　　).

A.the author lived alone in the dormitory

B.there were one hundred butterflies living in the bushes

C.the cardboard paper was left on the step so as to be watched

D.the author failed to stick the worn wing onto the butterfly with his spit

30.Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A.I found beauty meant nothing special to me.

B.The house parent helped the children handle the quilt.

C.The house parent chased the butterfly in order to show it to the children.

D.I thought it cruel to catch the butterfly.

Passage Three

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feeling by reminding him of this.Is this really a lie?

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying.

According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie".For instance, when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress, she really thinks it looks awful.

However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying "I wish I were somewhere else now" .They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose.

One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.

Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man-watching calls "the mouth cover". He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting the hand at one side of the mouth.Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

31.According to the passage, a "white lie" seems to be a lie (　　).

A.that other people believe

B.that other people don't believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone

32.Research suggests that women (　　).

A.are better at telling less serious lies than men

B.generally lie far more than men do

C.often make promises they intend to break

D.lie at parties more often that men do

33.Researchers find that when a person tells lies (　　).

A.his blood pressure increases measurably

B.he looks very serious

C.he tends to make some small changes in his behavior

D.he uses his unconscious mind

34.One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they tell lies is that (　　).

A.they wish they were somewhere else

B.the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C.they want to cover their mouths

D.they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

35.Which of the following may best betray a liar?

A.The touching of the tip of one's nose.

B.The changes of one's behavior.

C."The mouth cover" gesture.

D.The circumstances in which his lie is told.

Passage Four

Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control nature. We dammed earth's rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils. Burning up fuels, we pumped a great deal of greenhouse gases into the air, altering the chemistry of the atmosphere and warming the planet in just a few decades.And as our population began in the year 2000 above the 6 billion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal and plant species were dying out every, day, including the first primate(靈長類) to disappear in more than 100 years.

As the start of the 21st century there were unmistakable signs that nature was beginning to take its revenge. Melting ice in both poles of the earth suggested that the climate was changing rapidly. Weather was even more changeable than usual, giving some places too little rain and others too much.Fires raced across the dried American West last summer, and recent storms spread damages from Britain to China.No specific event could be directly blamed on global warming.Floods and drought will be more frequent and severe.Other sad signs from an overburdened planet include falling grain and fish harvests and fierce competition for scarce water supplies.

But there were also, in the year 2000, signs of great awareness.Connected by the Internet, hundreds of millions of people gathered for the 30th anniversary of Earth Day. Governments from Washington to Lima took steps to protect the large wild areas from development. Progress was made toward using more renewable energy from the wind and the sun, and new cars that used both gasoline and electricity spotted(顯示) fuel-economy statistics.

The goal for the new century is "sustainable development" .Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.

36.What is the result of the human control over the nature?

A.Natural resources are being exhausted.

B.There is a global warming effect.

C.Species of animals and plants are reduced.

D.All of the above.

37.It can be inferred from the passage that scarce water supplies are directly caused by (　　).

A.less ice in both poles

B.the more changeable weather

C.something not mentioned in the text

D.the larger population

38.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Ameriea suffered a lot from fires last summer.

B.The American government tried to stop development.

C.Humanity built many dams in the past century.

D.Dozens of animals and plants will no longer exist in more than 100 years.

39.The phrase " sustainable development" in the last paragraph probably means that economic development will (　　).

A.continue for a long time

B.be more profitable than before

C. support our growing population

D.make full use of natural resources

40.The main purpose of the author is to make us (　　).

A.see what damage humanity did to nature

B.fight with nature and control it

C.have more celebrations of Earth Day

D.aware of the importance of environment protection

Part m Cloze ( 10 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage,For each blank there are 4 choices markedA,B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet One with a single line through the center.

Nowadays, air travel is very 41 .We are not surprised when we watch on TV that a politician has talked with French President in Paris and attended a meeting in Beijing on the same day.

However, if a person takes long-distance flying frequently, he can be so tired that he maybe feel his brain is in one country, his 42 in another.In a word, he 43 knows where he is.

When we fly from east to west or vice versa, the 44 we experience after taking along-distance flying is aggravated, because we cross time zones. According to doctors, air travelers, after crossing several time zones, are in no 45 to go to work, and they should go straight to bed 46 arrival.

As to airline pilots who often live by their own watches and ignore local time, there is no need for them to worry about their health although they sometimes have breakfast at midnight, because they are used to 47 and are physically fit.

Many businessmen like long-distance flights, thinking they are 48 to have been chosen and they are out for promotion.They are lucky.if the company follows the doctor's advice and allow them to rest for a day or two before working.However, sometimes the manager is so energetic that he believes everyone is 49 to be as fit as he is.Since he has never felt uncomfortable after flying himself, the work he assigns is so 50 that the employee is too exhausted to carry the work out satisfactorily.That is disastrous for the employee's health and the company's reputation.

41.A.ordinary

B.common

C.plain

D.usual

42. A. digestion

B. concentration

C. friends

D.life

43. A. almost

B. nearly

C. hardly

D. practically

44. A.weary

B. fatigue

C. tired

D. strain

45. A. status

B. state

C. situation

D. condition

46.A.in

B.when

C.after

D.on

47. A. fly

B. flying

C.live

D.lives

48. A. favored

B. flattened

C. flayed

D. flattered

49.A.likely

B.supposed

C.going

D.expected

50. A. demeaning

B. demanding

C. demonstrative

D. deplorable

答案詳解：Part II

Passage One

21.C【解析】本題問的是作者對“mixed.ability teaching”的態(tài)度是什么。從文中第一段第一句和第二句便可快速得出明確的答案。“We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.On the contrary，both their knowledge and experience are enriched.”這兩句話指出聰明孩子的發(fā)展并沒有因為“mixed-ability teaching”而被阻礙，相反，聰明孩子的知識和經(jīng)驗都豐富起來了。文章第三句話說明按能力分班會有很多的不利影響，從反面論證了作者對于“mixed.ability teaching”的態(tài)度是支持的。因此，答案選C。

22.D【解析】hold back意為“隱瞞，控制，阻礙，猶豫不決”，同樣根據(jù)文章第一句話和第二句話可以看出此處hold back意為“阻止”，prevent from正合此意?！癿ixed-ability teaching”對于聰明孩子并未阻止也就是說“mixed-ability teachin9”并未阻止聰明孩子的發(fā)展，所以答案為D。

23.B【解析】題目問：作者堅決主張一位教師主要應(yīng)該關(guān)心學生哪方面的發(fā)展。由COIICeITl和development可以定位到文章第二段第三句“We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full，not just their academicability.”我們要關(guān)注學生所有方面能力的發(fā)展，并不僅僅是學術(shù)上的能力。由第二段第二句“This is only one aspect of their total personality.”可以得到學生所有方面的能力即“total personality”，因此答案為B。

24.D【解析】根據(jù)第三段第二句“The pupils often work in groups：this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate，to share，and to develop leadership skills.”可知，經(jīng)常以小組學習的學生們可以有機會學會合作、分享，以及培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)導能力。由此，可以分別對應(yīng)到選項A、C。根據(jù)第三段第三句“They also learn how to cope with personalproblems as weII as learning how to think.…”可知，學生們以小組學習可以學到如何處理個人問題，而且還可以學會如何思考等，可與選項B“reasoning abilities”(推理能力)相對應(yīng)。因此，通過排除可以得到本題答案為D。

25.D【解析】本題的問題是：作者寫這篇文章的目的是什么。文章第一段以“mixed.ability teaching”這一有利于學生發(fā)展的教學方法引出提升學生能力的話題：接著第二段提到學生能力的提升不僅僅是智力方面的提高，而是要全方面能力的提升;第三段便舉出課堂上提升能力的一種教學方法——gmup work;最后一段作者提出學生學習還可以通過work in pairs.work on individaal tasks and assignments等其他方法來學習。通過文章脈絡(luò)整理得到本題答案為D。

Passage Two

26.B【解析】根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty.”可知，作者覺得殺死如此漂亮的蝴蝶的做法非常殘忍，由此可以看出作者對美麗的蝴蝶非常同情，因此答案為B。

27.A【解析】根據(jù)文章第二段“I would get up every morning at the orphanage，make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then l would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in my dormitory.”可知，作者每天像個小軍人一樣早上起床疊被、排隊吃飯然后再和其他一起住的二三十個孩子們一起回到宿舍。這樣像軍人的生活應(yīng)該是full of strict rules。因此答案為A。

28.C【解析】由文章第五段第一句“How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty.”中“cruel”顯示出作者對于這種殺死蝴蝶的做法非常的厭惡。因此答案為C。

29.D【解析】由第二段“…with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in my dormitory.”可以排除A;由第三段“…saw the house parent changing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphanage.”可以排除B。由第六段第一句“When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardboard paper down on the back cement step and went inside to answer the phone.”可以排除C。最后一段“I picked up the tom wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back.But it would not stav on him."指出作者想在管理員回來前用唾液把蝴蝶的翅膀粘上去，但是沒有成功，驗證了答案D正確。

30.D【解析】由文章第一段第一句“There was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to me.”可以排除A;由第二段“I would get up every morning at the orphanage，make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become…”可以排除B;由第四段“I carefullv watched as he caught these beautiful creatures，one after another，and then took them from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings，pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.”可知管理員把蝴蝶抓住從網(wǎng)里拿出來后直接釘在了紙板上。并不是為了給孩子們看，可以排除C。文章第五段第一句“How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty.”說明答案D正確。

Passage Three

31.C【解析】推理判斷題。文中第二段指出，女人善于說一些“white lie”，并舉例證明：當一個女人在晚會上向另一個女人說她喜歡她的晚禮服時，其實她認為它很難看。由此可知，“white lie”應(yīng)是“為了不冒犯他人而說出的話”，故選C。

32.A【解析】推理判斷題。文中第二段說“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies…”，且前面說女人更善于說一些善意的謊言，因此可知A項正確。B、C、D選項都與文意不符。

33.C【解析】推理判斷題。研究表明，人在撒謊時會不自覺地表現(xiàn)出一些小動作，比如：用手指遮住嘴巴，觸摸上嘴唇或把手放在嘴巴的一邊。只有C項符合文意，故選C。

34.B【解析】事實細節(jié)題。第三段最后一句話“The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”可知B項正確。

35.D【解析】事實細節(jié)題。文章最后一句話“It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things。and in particular the context in which the lie is told.”告訴了我們答案，當時說話的環(huán)境才是揭示某人是否在說謊的最重要因素。故選D。

Passage Four

36.D【解析】事實細節(jié)題。由文章第一段可以找到A、B、C三項都是人們控制大自然所造成的后果，自然資源消耗殆盡、全球變暖、動植物數(shù)量和種類減少等。故選D。

37.D【解析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Other sad signs from an overburdened planet include falling…for scarce water supplies.”可知，是由于地球不堪重負才導致水資源不足，而地球不堪重負肯定是人口過多導致的。故選D。

38.C【解析】推理判斷題。本題可采用排除法得到答案。文章第二段第四句話中“Fires raced across the dried American West…”的American West是“美國西部”的意思，A選項屬于偷換概念，應(yīng)排除;第三段第三句“Governments from Washington…development.”意為“要采取措施保護大型野生區(qū)域遠離發(fā)展的影響”，但并不是停止發(fā)展，應(yīng)排除;D項時態(tài)錯誤，文章第一段最后一句用的是過去時態(tài)，說明已經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕而不是將要。故選C。

39.A【解析】詞語理解題。由第三段描述的內(nèi)容：政府采取措施保護野生區(qū)域，采用新型的可再生能源等，可知這種發(fā)展是一種可持續(xù)的、長期的發(fā)展。故選A。

40.D【解析】主旨大意題。文章意在通過對大自然的報復行為給人類帶來的災(zāi)難的描述，警示人們要愛護地球，認識到環(huán)境保護的重要性。故選D。

第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題，共50分)

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名和準考證號用黑色簽字筆填寫在試卷密封線內(nèi)指定位置。

2.用黑色簽字筆將答案直接答在卷面指定位置。

3.考試結(jié)束時，考生將本試卷交回。

Part IV Translation( 20 points)

Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate the underlined sentences marked from 51-55 into Chinese.You should write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees.These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language ( typically called a corporate ethics statement), or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes).51They are generally meant to identify the company's expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might arise in the course of doing business.52 It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness , consistency in application, andthe avoidance of ethical disasters.

53. An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the company's policies, specific case studies, and leEal requirements. Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the company's rules of conduct.

Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct.A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior.Lying has become expected in fields such as trading.An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers.

Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct. Some claim that ethical problems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment.

Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, and that they are mainly to limit the company's legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving the appearance of being a good corporate citizen.Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its employees will follow the rules.54 .Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen if the employee had only followed the code properly.

Sometimes there is disconnection between the company's code of ethics and the company's actual practices. 55. Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, at worst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞兩面派的) , and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool.

PartⅣ

51.【譯文】它們的目的是，在處理一些在做業(yè)務(wù)過程中可能出現(xiàn)的更普遍的倫理問題時，確定公司對員工的預(yù)期并提供指導。

【解析】該句是帶有定語從句的動詞不定式作狀語句子，ethical problems后是修飾其的定語從句。be meant to意為目的，打算。

52.【譯文】希望擁有這樣的政策將帶來更強的道德意識、運用的連貫性及道德災(zāi)難的避免。

【解析】本句帶有主語從句，that后引出的是主語從句，由于主句為被動語態(tài)，翻譯時可進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換，譯為主動語態(tài)。

53.【譯文】越來越多的公司也要求員工參加與商業(yè)行為有關(guān)的研討會，這些會議通常包含公司政策、具體的案例分析及法律要求。

【解析】本句帶有非限定性定語從句，which后引出定語從句，修飾seminars，翻譯時為避免定語過長，可重復被修飾的成分。

54.【譯文】如果發(fā)生訴訟，公司將宣稱，假如員工完全遵守了條例，就不會發(fā)生問題。

【解析】本句兩處帶有虛擬語氣，有should引出的虛擬句表示發(fā)生的概率很小，由if引出的虛擬句表示對過去的假設(shè)，如果…，將會…。

55.【譯文】因此，無論這種行為是否由管理層明確批準，最壞的結(jié)果是，它將使政策變得模棱兩可，最好的結(jié)果是，它僅僅是一個營銷工具。

【解析】本題含由whether引出的狀語從句，意為無論是否，at worst表示最壞的結(jié)果是，at best表示最好的結(jié)果是.

Part V Writing(30 points)

56.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it.

In your essay, you should

(1) describe the cartoon briefly;

(2) analyze this situation ;

(3) give your comments.'

You should write 100--150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET

答案：Part V

56.One possible version:

Noise Pollution

The cartoon shows another kind of pollution for us. Besides the air pollution, noise pollution is becoming a more and more serious problem, whether in cities or countryside.

With the development of machines, noise has also increased greatly in the 21th century.We live surrounded by loud planes, trucks and electric tools.TV sets and radios add up to 90 or 100 decibels, a certain unit used to measure the loudness of sound.A normal dialogue reaches 55 decibels; a plane goes to 100, and an ordinary train, reaching the station,can be twice as loud as the loudest plane.Disco music reaches about 118.At high decibels the ear stops hearing sound, and pain starts.How terrible if things go on like this!

It seems impossible to avoid all noises.But we can take measures to reduce noise.For example, many cities forbid cars pushing horn in the evening or in city centre. Planting more trees is another way to relieve the pollution since trees help absorb sound.I hope the government will take more and more powerful steps to reduce noise, so that people can live a peaceful life !